Phil Pugliese asked: > And that's the big mystery of the one, or ones, that G'father, > or his clones, created. Just how did he get them to be stable? Active controls. Some perturbation occurs (extra-solar comet, alignment of nearby stars causes a slight extra gravitic pull in some direction, gas giant alignment in outer system, or whatever), and a million years later you have planets flying off in all directions. So you leave massive grav plates (or handwavium engines) built into the cores of the planets forming the rosette. These sense that things are getting out of balance and nudge them back in again ASAP. By the time you have a tech level capable of moving planets into a rosette configuration, it should be easy enough to keep them there. Even Niven's Ringworld had huge great engines on the rim walls to provide this level of control. I speculate that a Banks Orbital would not suffer from the instability problems of a Ringworld or Rosette. (And if it did, the same answer applies). Corrections welcome. Question for anyone who still remembers how to do the math: given a Banks Orbital of 3 million kilometers diameter, and spinning once every 24 hours (so providing Earth-level gravity) , how much Coriolis force would the inhabitants experience? (Again, easy enough to compensate for this with Culture-level technology: bury grav plates in the ground to pull opposite the spin). > But then it was 'The Ancients' wasn't it? Or someone that one or more of 'The Ancients' took a dislike to... :-) Jonathan