2. A US aircraft carrier (and appropriate support) would be on-scene and
providing effective aid?
At least a month, considering how few marines, Helos and landing craft your normal carrier group has on board. Now a Amphib carrier and related marine deployment would take a week or two if they were in the region maybe a week longer if they are outside. (Note this sorta problem in the realm of what a LHA LHD would handle, they look like aircraft carriers (Heck they are Aircraft carriers) and have the equipment and man power to help).